United States
TimedSEED was the nation's first mayor-led guaranteed income demonstration, giving 125 randomly selected low-income residents of Stockton, California $500/month, unconditional cash for 24 months (February 2019 to early 2021). It targeted adults living in neighborhoods at or below the city's median household income, using a randomized controlled trial design against a 200-person control group. The program was funded through private philanthropy, led by the Reinvent Stockton Foundation in partnership with the Office of the Mayor and the Economic Security Project, with research conducted by academic partners and funded separately by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Evidence for Action program.